Course Outline Module 1: Ethics and Legality What is an Exploit? The security functionality triangle The attacker's process Passive reconnaissance Active reconnaissance Types of attacks Categories of exploits Goals attackers try to achieve Ethical hackers and crackers - who are they Self proclaimed ethical hacking Hacking for a cause (Hacktivism) Skills required for ethical hacking Categories of Ethical Hackers What do Ethical Hackers do? Security evaluation plan Types of Ethical Hacks Testing Types Ethical Hacking Report Cyber Security Enhancement Act of 2002 Computer Crimes Overview of US Federal Laws Section 1029 Section 1030 Hacking Punishment Module 2: Footprinting What is Footprinting Steps for gathering information Whois http://tucows.com Hacking Tool: Sam Spade Analyzing Whois output NSLookup Finding the address range of the network ARIN Traceroute Hacking Tool: NeoTrace Visual Route Visual Lookout Hacking Tool: Smart Whois Hacking Tool: eMailTracking Pro Hacking Tool: MailTracking.com Module 3: Scanning Determining if the system is alive? Active stack fingerprinting Passive stack fingerprinting Hacking Tool: Pinger Hacking Tool: Friendly Pinger Hacking Tool: WS_Ping_Pro Hacking Tool: Netscan Tools Pro 2000 Hacking Tool: Hping2 Hacking Tool: KingPing Hacking Tool: icmpenum Hacking Tool: SNMP Scanner Detecting Ping sweeps ICMP Queries Hacking Tool: netcraft.com Port Scanning TCPs 3-way handshake TCP Scan types Hacking Tool: IPEye Hacking Tool: IPSECSCAN Hacking Tool: nmap Port Scan countermeasures Hacking Tool: HTTrack Web Copier Network Management Tools SolarWinds Toolset NeoWatch War Dialing Hacking Tool: THC-Scan Hacking Tool: PhoneSweep War Dialer Hacking Tool: Telesweep Hacking Tool: Queso Hacking Tool: Cheops Proxy Servers Hacking Tool: SocksChain Surf the web anonymously TCP/IP through HTTP Tunneling Hacking Tool: HTTPort Hacking Tool: Tunneld Hacking Tool: BackStealth Module 4: Enumeration What is Enumeration NetBios Null Sessions Null Session Countermeasures NetBIOS Enumeration Hacking Tool: DumpSec Hacking Tool: Hyena Hacking Tool: NAT SNMP Enumertion SNMPUtil Hacking Tool: IP Network Browser SNMP Enumeration Countermeasures Windows 2000 DNS Zone transfer Identifying Win2000 Accounts Hacking Tool: User2SID Hacking Tool: SID2User Hacking Tool: Enum Hacking Tool: UserInfo Hacking Tool: GetAcct Hacking Tool: smbbf SMB Auditing Tools Active Directory Enumeration W2K Active Directory attack Module 5: System Hacking Administrator Password Guessing Performing Automated Password Guessing Legion NTInfoScan Defending Against Password Guessing Monitoring Event Viewer Logs VisualLast Eavesdroppin on Network Password Exchange Hacking Tool: L0phtCrack Hacking Tool: KerbCrack Privilege Escalation Hacking Tool: GetAdmin Hacking Tool: hk Manual Password Cracking Algorithm Automatic Password Cracking Algorithm Password Types Types of Password Attacks Dictionary Attack Brute Force Attack Distributed Brute Force Attack Password Change Interval Hybrid Attack Cracking Windows 2000 Passwords Retrieving the SAM file Redirecting SMB Logon to the Attacker SMB Redirection Hacking Tool: SMBRelay Hacking Tool: SMBRelay2 Hacking Tool: pwdump2 Hacking Tool: SAMdump Hacking Tool: C2MYAZZ Win32 Create Local Admin User Offline NT Password Resetter Hacking Tool: psexec Hacking Tool: remoxec SMBRelay Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) SMBRelay MITM Countermeasures Hacking Tool: SMBGrinder Hacking Tool: SMBDie Hacking Tool: NBTDeputy NetBIOS DoS Attack Hacking Tool: nbname Hacking Tool: John the Ripper LanManager Hash Password Cracking Countermeasures Keystroke Logger Hacking Tool: Spector AntiSpector Hacking Tool: eBlaster Hacking Tool: SpyAnywhere Hacking Tool: IKS Software Logger Hacking Tool: Fearless Key Logger Hacking Tool: E-mail Keylogger Hardware Tool: Hardware Key Logger Hacking Tool: Rootkit Planting Rootkit on Windows 2000 Machine _rootkit_ embedded TCP/IP Stack Rootkit Countermeasures MD5 Checksum utility Tripwire Covering Tracks Disabling Auditing Auditpol Clearing the Event Log Hacking Tool: Elslave Hacking Tool: Winzapper Hacking Tool: Evidence Eliminator Hidding Files NTFS File Streaming Hacking Tool: makestrm NTFS Streams Countermeasures LNS Steganography Hacking Tool: ImageHide Hacking Tool: BlindSide Hacking Tool: MP3Stego Hacking Tool: Snow Hacking Tool: Camera/Shy Steganography Detection StegDetect Hacking Tool: Stealth Files Encrypted File System Hacking Tool: dskprobe Hacking Tool: EFSView Buffer Overflows Creating Buffer Overflow Exploit Outlook Buffer Overflow Hacking Tool: Outoutlook Module 6: Trojans and Backdoors What is a Trojan Horse? Overt and Covert Hacking Tool: QAZ Hacking Tool: Tini Hacking Tool: Netcat Hacking Tool: Donald Dick Hacking Tool: SubSeven Hacking Tool: BackOrifice 2000 Back Oriffice Plug-ins BoSniffer Hacking Tool: NetBus ComputerSpy Key Logger Hacking Tool: Beast Trojan Hacking Tool: CyberSpy Telnet Trojan Hacking Tool: SubRoot Telnet Trojan Hacking Tool: LetMeRule Wrappers Hacking Tool: Graffiti Hacking Tool: Silk Rope 2000 Hacking Tool: EliteWrap Hacking Tool: IconPlus Packaging Tool: Microsoft WordPad Hacking Tool: Whack a Mole Trojan Construction Kit Writing Trojans in Java Hacking Tool: FireKiller 2000 Covert Channels ICMP Tunneling Hacking Tool: Loki Reverse WWW Shell Backdoor Countermeasures BO Startup and Registry Entries NetBus Startup and Registry Keys Port Monitoring Tools fPort TCPView Process Viewer Inzider - Tracks Processes and Ports Trojan Maker Hacking Tool: Hard Disk Killer Man-in-the-Middle Attack Hacking Tool: dsniff System File Verification TripWire Module 7: Sniffers What is a Sniffer? Hacking Tool: Ethereal Hacking Tool: Snort Hacking Tool: WinDump Hacking Tool: EtherPeek Passive Sniffing Active Sniffing Hacking Tool: EtherFlood How ARP Works? Hacking Tool: ArpSpoof Hacking Tool: DSniff Hacking Tool: Macof Hacking Tool: mailsnarf Hacking Tool: URLsnarf Hacking Tool: Webspy Hacking Tool: Ettercap Hacking Tool: WebMiTM IP Restrictions Scanner Hacking Tool: sTerm Hacking Tool: Cain and Abel Hacking Tool: Packet Crafter Hacking Tool: SMAC MAC Changer ARP Spoofing Countermeasures Hacking Tool: WinDNSSpoof Hacking Tool: Distributed DNS Flooder Hacking Tool: WinSniffer Network Tool: IRIS Network Tool: NetInterceptor SniffDet Hacking Tool: WinTCPKill Module 8: Denial of Service What is Denial of Service Attack? Types of DoS Attacks How DoS Work? What is DDoS? Hacking Tool: Ping of Death Hacking Tool: SSPing Hacking Tool: Land Hacking Tool: Smurf Hacking Tool: SYN Flood Hacking Tool: CPU Hog Hacking Tool: Win Nuke Hacking Tool: RPC Locator Hacking Tool: Jolt2 Hacking Tool: Bubonic Hacking Tool: Targa Tools for Running DDoS Attacks Hacking Tool: Trinoo Hacking Tool: WinTrinoo Hacking Tool: TFN Hacking Tool: TFN2K Hacking Tool: Stacheldraht Hacking Tool: Shaft Hacking Tool: mstream DDoS Attack Sequence Preventing DoS Attack DoS Scanning Tools Find_ddos SARA DDoSPing RID Zombie Zapper Module 9: Social Engineering What is Social Engineering? Art of Manipulation Human Weakness Common Types of Social Engineering Human Based Impersonation Important User Tech Support Third Party Authorization In Person Dumpster Diving Shoulder Surfing Computer Impersonation Mail Attachments Popup Windows Website Faking Reverse Social Engineering Policies and Procedures Social Engineering Security Policies The Importance of Employee Education Module 10: Session Hijacking What is Session Hijacking? Session Hijacking Steps Spoofing Vs Hijacking Active Session Hijacking Passive Session Hijacking TCP Concepts - 3 way Handshake Sequence Numbers Sequence Number Example Guessing the Sequence Numbers Hacking Tool: Juggernaut Hacking Tool: Hunt Hacking Tool: TTYWatcher Hacking Tool: IP Watcher Hacking Tool: T-Sight Remote TCP Session Reset Utility Dangers Posed by Session Hijacking Protection against Session Hijacking Module 11: Hacking Web Servers Apache Vulnerability Attacks against IIS IIS Components ISAPI DLL Buffer Overflows IPP Printer Overflow msw3prt.dll Oversized Print Requests Hacking Tool: Jill32 Hacking Tool: IIS5-Koei Hacking Tool: IIS5Hack IPP Buffer Overflow Countermeasures ISAPI DLL Source Disclosure ISAPI.DLL Exploit Defacing Web Pages IIS Directory Traversal Unicode Directory Listing Clearing IIS Logs Network Tool: LogAnalyzer Attack Signature Creating Internet Explorer (IE) Trojan Hacking Tool: IISExploit Hacking Tool: UnicodeUploader.pl Hacking Tool: cmdasp.asp Escalating Privilages on IIS Hacking Tool: IISCrack.dll Hacking Tool: ispc.exe IIS WebDav Vulnerability Hacking Tool: WB RPC Exploit-GUI Hacking Tool: DComExpl_UnixWin32 Hacking Tool: Plonk Unspecified Executable Path Vulnerability Hacking Tool: CleanIISLog File System Traversal Countermeasures Microsoft HotFix Problems UpdateExpert Cacls utility Network Tool: Whisker N-Stealth Scanner Hacking Tool: WebInspect Network Tool: Shadow Security Scanner Module 12: Web Application Vulnerabilities Documenting the Application Structure Manually Inspecting Applications Using Google to Inspect Applications Directory Structure Hacking Tool: Instant Source Java Classes and Applets Hacking Tool: Jad HTML Comments and Contents Hacking Tool: Lynx Hacking Tool: Wget Hacking Tool: Black Widow Hacking Tool: WebSleuth Cross Side Scripting Session Hijacking using XSS Cookie Stealing Hacking Tool: IEEN Hacking Tool: IEflaw Exposing Sensitive Data with Google Module 13: Web Based Password Cracking Techniques Basic Authentication Message Digest Authentication NTLM Authentication Certificate based Authentication Digital Certificates Microsoft Passport Authentication Forms based Authentication Creating Fake Certificates Hacking Tool: WinSSLMiM Password Guessing Dfault Account Database Hacking Tool: WebCracker Hacking Tool: Brutus Hacking Tool: ObiWan Hacking Tool: Munga Bunga Password dictionary Files Attack Time Hacking Tool: Variant Hacking Tool: PassList Query Strings Post data Hacking Tool: cURL Stealing Cookies Hacking Tool: CookieSpy Hacking Tool: ReadCookies Hacking Tool: SnadBoy Module 14: SQL Injection What is SQL Injection Vulnerability? SQL Insertion Discovery Blank sa Password Simple Input Validation SQL Injection OLE DB Errors 1=1 blah' or 1=1 Preventing SQL Injection Database Specific SQL Injection Hacking Tool: SQLDict Hacking Tool: SQLExec Hacking Tool: SQLbf Hacking Tool: SQLSmack Hacking Tool: SQL2.exe Hacking Tool: Oracle Password Buster Module 15: Hacking Wireless Networks 802.11 Standards What is WEP? Finding WLANs Cracking WEP keys Sniffing Trafic Wireless DoS Attacks WLAN Scanners WLAN Sniffers MAC Sniffing Access Point Spoofing Securing Wireless Networks Hacking Tool: NetTumbler Hacking Tool: AirSnort Hacking Tool: AiroPeek Hacking Tool: WEP Cracker Hacking Tool: Kismet Hacking Tool: AirSnarf WIDZ- Wireless IDS Module 16: Virus and Worms Cherobyl ExploreZip I Love You Melissa Pretty Park Code Red Worm W32/Klez BugBear W32/Opaserv Worm Nimda Code Red SQL Slammer Batch File Virus Creator How to write your own Virus? Worm Construction Kits Module 17: Novell Hacking Common accounts and passwords Accessing password files Password crackers Netware Hacking Tools Chknull NOVELBFH NWPCRACK Bindery BinCrack SETPWD.NLM Kock userdump Burglar Getit Spooflog Gobbler Novelffs Pandora Module 18: Linux Hacking Why Linux ? Linux Basics Compiling Programs in Linux Scanning Networks Mapping Networks Password Cracking in Linux Linux Vulnerabilities SARA TARA Sniffing A Pinger in Disguise Session Hijacking Linux Rootkits Linux Security Countermeasures IPChains and IPTables Module 19: IDS, Firewalls and Honeypots Intrusion Detection System System Integrity Verifiers How are Intrusions Detected? Anomaly Detection Signature Recognition How does IDS match Signatures with Incoming Traffic? Protocol Stack Verification Application Protocol Verification What Happens after an IDS Detects an Attack? IDS Software Vendors SNORT Evading IDS (Techniques) Complex IDS Evasion Hacking Tool: fragrouter Hacking Tool: TCPReplay Hacking Tool: SideStep Hacking Tool: NIDSbench Hacking Tool: ADMutate IDS Detection Tools to Detect Packet Sniffers Tools to inject strangely formatted packets onto the wire Hacking Through Firewalls Placing Backdoors through Firewalls Hiding behind Covert Channels Hacking Tool: Ncovert What is a Honeypot? Honeypots Evasion Honeypots vendors Hacking Tool: Honeyd Module 20: Buffer Overflows What is a Buffer Overflow? Exploitation Assembly Language Basics How to Detect Buffer Overflows in a Program? Skills Required CPU/OS Dependency Understanding Stacks Stack Based Buffer Overflows Buffer Overflow Technical Implementation Writing your own Buffer Overflow Exploit in C Defense against Buffer Overflows Type Checking Tools for Compiling Programs StackGuard Immunix Module 21: Cryptography What is PKI? Digital Certificates RSA MD-5 RC-5 SHA SSL PGP SSH Encryption Cracking Techniques Module 22 : Penetration Testing Need for a Methodology Penetration Test vs. Vulnerability Test Reliance on Checklists and Template Phases of Penetration Testin Passive Reconnaissance Best Practices Results that can be expected Indicative passive reconnaissance steps include (but are not limited to) Introduction to Penetration Testing Type of Penetration Testing Methodologies Open Source Vs Proprietary Methodologies Security Assessment Vs Security Auditing Risk Analysis Types of Penetration Testing Types Ethical Hacking Vulnerability Assessment Vs Penetration Testing Do-it Yourself Testing Firms Offering Penetration Testing Services Penetration Testing Insurance Explication of Terms of Engagement Pen-Test Service Level Agreements Offer of Compensation Starting Point and Ending Points of Testing Penetration Testing Locations Black Box Testing White Box Testing Grey Box Testing Manual Penetration Testing Automated Penetration Testing Selecting the Right Tools Pen Test Using Appscan HackerShield Pen-Test Using Cerberus Internet Scanner Pen-Test Using CyberCop Scanner Pen-Test Using Foundscan Pen-Test Using Nessus Pen-Test Using NetRecon Pen-Test Using Retina Pen-Test Using SAINT Pen-Test Using SecureNET Pen-Test Using SecureScan Pen-Test Using SATAN, SARA and Security Analyzer Pen-Test Using STAT Analyzer Pen-Test Using Twwscan VigilEnt WebInspect Evaluating Different Types of Pen-Test Tools Platform on Which Tools Will be Used Asset Audit Fault Tree and Attack Trees GAP Analysis Device Inventory Perimeter Firewall Inventory Web Server Inventory Load Balancer Inventory Local Area Network Inventory Demilitarized Zone Firewall Internal Switch Network Sniffer Application Server Inventory Database Server Inventory Name Controller and Domain Name Server Physical Security ISP Routers Legitimate Network Traffic Threat Unauthorized Network Traffic Threat Unauthorized Running Process Threat Loss of Confidential Information Business Impact of Threat Pre-testing Dependencies Post-testing Dependencies Failure Management Test Documentation Processes Penetration Testing Tools Defect Tracking Tools Configuration Management Tools Disk Replication Tools Pen-Test Project Scheduling Tools Network Auditing Tools DNS Zone Transfer Testing Tools Trace Route Tools and Services Network Sniffing Tools Denial of Service Emulation Tools Traditional Load Testing Tools System Software Assessment Tools Operating System Protection Tools Fingerprinting Tools Port Scanning Tools Directory and File Access Control Tools File Share Scanning Tools Password Directories Password Guessing Tools Link Checking Tools Web site Crawlers Web-Testing based Scripting Tools Buffer Overflow Protection Tools Buffer Overflow Generation Tools Input Data Validation Tools File encryption Tools Database Assessment Tools Keyboard Logging and Screen Reordering Tools System Event Logging and Reviewing Tools Tripwire and Checksum Tools Mobile-Code Scanning Tools Centralized Security Monitoring Tools Web Log Analysis Tools Forensic Data and Collection Tools Security Assessment Tools Multiple OS Management Tools SANS Institute TOP 20 Security Vulnerabilities All Operating System Platforms Default installs of operating systems and applications Accounts with no passwords or weak passwords Nonexistent or incomplete backups Large number of open ports Not filtering packets for correct incoming and outgoing addresses Nonexistent or incomplete logging Vulnerable Common Gateway Interface (CGI) programs Windows-specific Unicode vulnerability-Web server folder traversal Internet server application programming interface (ISAPI) extension buffer overflows IIS Remote Data Services (RDS) exploit Network Basic Input Output System (NetBIOS), unprotected Windows networking shares Information leakage via null session connections Weak hashing in SAM (Security Accounts Manager)-LanManager hash UNIX-specific Buffer overflows in Remote Procedure Call (RPC) services Sendmail vulnerabilities Bind weaknesses Remote system command (such as rcp, rlogin, and rsh) vulnerabilities Line Printer Daemons (LPD) vulnerabilities Sadmind and mountd exploits Default Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) strings Penetration Testing Deliverable Templates Test Status Report Identifier Test Variances Test Comprehensive Assessment Summary of Results (Incidents) Test Evaluation Names of Persons (Approval) Template Test Incident Report Template Test Log Active Reconnaissance Attack Phase Activity: Perimeter Testing Activity: Web Application Testing – I Activity: Web Application Testing – II Activity: Wireless Testing Activity: Acquiring Target Activity: Escalating Privileges Activity: Execute, Implant & Retract Post Attack Phase & Activities Automated Penetration Testing Tool - CORE Impact